Challenges

Stress is a normal part of the human experience — and under the right circumstances, it can be a good thing. The surge of adrenaline can help you dodge a road hazard or ace an important work presentation.
When stress becomes a problem is when it won’t let up, lasting for weeks or longer. This is known as chronic stress, and it can be caused by everything from divorce to illness to money problems. Chronic stress and the negative emotion that comes with it are “bad for both mental well-being and cognitive health,” wrote AARP’s Global Council on Brain Health (GCBH) in its report “Brain Health and Mental Well-Being.” This is why managing stress is one of Staying Sharp’s six pillars of brain health.
Lasting stress harms your brain health in many ways. It can trigger inflammation that, in turn, accelerates cognitive decline. Chronically elevated cortisol, the body’s primary stress hormone, can impair memory and weaken the hippocampus — a brain area important for learning and memory, according to a review of research published in 2024 in Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences.
Chronic stress was also linked with a higher risk of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease in a study of more than 1.3 million people ages 18 to 65 in Sweden, published in 2023 in Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy. People experiencing depression also had higher risk. And those with stress coupled with depression had even higher risk.
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